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><H1
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><A
NAME="MANAGE-AG-TEMPLATEDBS"
>21.3. Template Databases</A
></H1
><P
>   <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> actually works by copying an existing
   database.  By default, it copies the standard system database named
   <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>. Thus that
   database is the <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"template"</SPAN
> from which new databases are
   made.  If you add objects to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, these objects
   will be copied into subsequently created user databases.  This
   behavior allows site-local modifications to the standard set of
   objects in databases.  For example, if you install the procedural
   language <SPAN
CLASS="APPLICATION"
>PL/Perl</SPAN
> in <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, it will
   automatically be available in user databases without any extra
   action being taken when those databases are created.
  </P
><P
>   There is a second standard system database named
   <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>. This
   database contains the same data as the initial contents of
   <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, that is, only the standard objects
   predefined by your version of
   <SPAN
CLASS="PRODUCTNAME"
>PostgreSQL</SPAN
>.  <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>
   should never be changed after the database cluster has been
   initialized.  By instructing
   <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
> to copy <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> instead
   of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>, you can create a <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"virgin"</SPAN
> user
   database that contains none of the site-local additions in
   <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>.  This is particularly handy when restoring a
   <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_dump</TT
> dump: the dump script should be restored in a
   virgin database to ensure that one recreates the correct contents
   of the dumped database, without conflicting with objects that
   might have been added to <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> later on.
  </P
><P
>   Another common reason for copying <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> instead
   of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> is that new encoding and locale settings
   can be specified when copying <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>, whereas a copy
   of <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> must use the same settings it does.
   This is because <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> might contain encoding-specific
   or locale-specific data, while <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> is known not to.
  </P
><P
>   To create a database by copying <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>, use:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>CREATE DATABASE <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
> TEMPLATE template0;</PRE
><P>
   from the SQL environment, or:
</P><PRE
CLASS="PROGRAMLISTING"
>createdb -T template0 <TT
CLASS="REPLACEABLE"
><I
>dbname</I
></TT
></PRE
><P>
   from the shell.
  </P
><P
>   It is possible to create additional template databases, and indeed
   one can copy any database in a cluster by specifying its name
   as the template for <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
>.  It is important to
   understand, however, that this is not (yet) intended as
   a general-purpose <SPAN
CLASS="QUOTE"
>"<TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>COPY DATABASE</TT
>"</SPAN
> facility.
   The principal limitation is that no other sessions can be connected to
   the source database while it is being copied.  <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE
   DATABASE</TT
> will fail if any other connection exists when it starts;
   during the copy operation, new connections to the source database
   are prevented.
  </P
><P
>   Two useful flags exist in <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_database</TT
> for each
   database: the columns <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datistemplate</TT
> and
   <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datallowconn</TT
>.  <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datistemplate</TT
>
   can be set to indicate that a database is intended as a template for
   <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
>.  If this flag is set, the database can be
   cloned by any user with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>CREATEDB</TT
> privileges; if it is not set,
   only superusers and the owner of the database can clone it.
   If <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datallowconn</TT
> is false, then no new connections
   to that database will be allowed (but existing sessions are not terminated
   simply by setting the flag false).  The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
>
   database is normally marked <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datallowconn = false</TT
> to prevent its modification.
   Both <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>
   should always be marked with <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>datistemplate = true</TT
>.
  </P
><DIV
CLASS="NOTE"
><BLOCKQUOTE
CLASS="NOTE"
><P
><B
>Note: </B
>    <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> and <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> do not have any special
    status beyond the fact that the name <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> is the default
    source database name for <TT
CLASS="COMMAND"
>CREATE DATABASE</TT
>.
    For example, one could drop <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> and recreate it from
    <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template0</TT
> without any ill effects.  This course of action
    might be advisable if one has carelessly added a bunch of junk in
    <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>. (To delete <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
>,
    it must have <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>pg_database.datistemplate = false</TT
>.)
   </P
><P
>    The <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>postgres</TT
> database is also created when a database
    cluster is initialized.  This database is meant as a default database for
    users and applications to connect to. It is simply a copy of
    <TT
CLASS="LITERAL"
>template1</TT
> and can be dropped and recreated if necessary.
   </P
></BLOCKQUOTE
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